Warehouse classification is an incredibly important structure that allows you to determine which goods and materials can be stored on premises and which should not be left there. The main factors and differences are the willingness to preserve the product from the elements. Their design may also differ. For example, some locations will accommodate forklift warehousing while others will not, and shipping and receiving operations will be processed in a different order at a different speed. Each building has a different set of functions.
By what criteria are warehouses divided and their main types?
The classification of warehouses is divided into the following main types:
- Temperature-controlled warehouses.
Perishable foods, medicines, cosmetics and other goods that must remain within a certain temperature range are stored here. The building can be divided according to its purpose into a cooling and freezing zone. They are distinguished by the fact that there is always a demand for them, because it will not be possible to leave medicines or food products in any other type of premises. There is always an administrator desk at the entrance who will quickly guide you on the availability of storage space, cost and conditions.
- Heated.
Many buildings are not heated, which can lead to goods freezing in the winter or drying up in the summer. There are some products that do not react in any way to temperature changes, so do not forget to take into account the storage conditions of specific items. Heated areas are most often located in packaging counters, office areas, receiving and shipping. All goods are placed on racks, which also have their own classification. For frequently used ones, these are the lower shelves, for rarely used ones, these are the very last racks. This allows you to process the acceptance and dispatch of goods as quickly as possible.
- Moisture control.
These buildings have a vapor barrier installed, which allows you to regulate humidity in certain areas. This is useful both for preserving food and things made from natural materials. Often household chemicals are left here, which do not require special temperature conditions for preservation. They are no different from other types, with the exception of a different wall design with additional padding.
- Special buildings.
These are not just premises, but a place where special cargo is stored. For example, hazardous liquids, flammable materials, radioactive particles and much more. When designing such a premises, a special plan is created, which specifies the main qualities and conditions that the warehouse should provide after its construction. For example, thickened walls, zones isolated from radiation, maximum separation by walls and vapor barrier for each room. Ammunition storage areas must be insulated both internally and externally. Chemical storage facilities necessarily include treatment and neutralization of the vapor they leave behind during storage.
The building must be efficient and functional to contribute to supply chain productivity. This also helps reduce conservation costs. Therefore, the classification of warehouses is not limited to the above factors and includes the following categories:
- Number of zones and types of space.
The type of area can be divided into several zones and include not only storage space, but also offices, industrial areas, computer centers, distribution centers, and packaging shops. - Capacity and strength of customs premises.
The design must be to ensure secure storage. The building can be either small or large-scale, with provision for loading through the roof and other elements. Strength includes snow, wind and seismic loads, which must be taken into account during construction. The floor covering is also important, since large equipment will move around the room. The height and width of passages are of great importance - Energy efficiency and functionality of shelving.
It is important to build a multi-tier system that could accommodate the largest possible number of goods in one place. At the same time, all zones must be correctly located for quick order processing. Proper placement of light in the room is important, as this directly affects the work of storekeepers. - Safety.
This includes not only the safety of goods, but also the safety of building workers. Properly constructed staircases, forklift areas and other strategically important areas should be present. It is important to have ventilation/exhaust for comfortable work in the warehouse, and special computer equipment for fast order processing. All of these factors are incredibly important when choosing a warehouse for your business.
What is the difference between warehouse classes A, B, C, D?
Classification of warehouses into the most common existing classes:
- class A;
These properties are buildings of the highest quality with only 1 floor. As a rule, these are new facilities built within the last 15 years. They are located near the terminals and are usually managed by a professional team. They usually demand the highest rent. All possible amenities are present (heating, moisture control, etc.).
- class B;
These properties are one step down from Class A. The buildings are generally older, not professionally managed, and have two floors to preserve. These buildings are well maintained, often with heating and other facilities.
- class C;
Class C properties are typically over 20 years old and located in less convenient locations for transportation. They have the lowest rental rates, which is good for logistics companies. These are premises with a ceiling height of at least 4 meters, with an insulated roof to preserve goods during winter or rainy periods. It may not be heated.
- Class D varieties.
This is a category of basements that are often unheated and do not have areas for storing hazardous substances. Packaging areas and office premises may be located.